Pofuna kuchepetsa zinyalala za pulasitiki, kulongedza zinthu kumapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingathe kukonzedwanso mosavuta kapena kuchotseratu pulasitiki.
Mphete zapulasitiki zomwe zimapezeka paliponse zokhala ndi mapaketi asanu ndi limodzi a mowa ndi soda pang'onopang'ono zikukhala chinthu chakale pomwe makampani ambiri amasinthira kuzinthu zobiriwira.

Kusinthaku kukuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera pa makatoni kupita ku mphete zapaketi zisanu ndi imodzi zopangidwa ndi udzu wotsalira wa balere. Ngakhale kusinthaku kungakhale njira yopititsira patsogolo, akatswiri ena amati kungosinthira kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zopakira kungakhale yankho lolakwika kapena losakwanira, ndikuti pulasitiki yochulukirapo iyenera kubwezeretsedwanso ndikupangidwanso.

Mwezi uno, Coors Light idati isiya kugwiritsa ntchito mphete zapulasitiki zamapaketi asanu ndi limodzi m'mapaketi amitundu yake yaku North America, ndikuyika zonyamulira makatoni kumapeto kwa 2025 ndikuchotsa zinyalala zapulasitiki zokwana mapaundi 1.7 miliyoni chaka chilichonse.

Ntchitoyi, yomwe kampaniyo inanena kuti idzathandizidwa ndi ndalama zokwana madola 85 miliyoni, ndi yaposachedwa kwambiri ndi mtundu waukulu kuti ilowe m'malo mwa malupu apulasitiki asanu ndi limodzi omwe akhala chizindikiro chowononga chilengedwe.
Kuyambira m’zaka za m’ma 1980, akatswiri a zachilengedwe akhala akuchenjeza kuti pulasitiki yotayidwa ikuchuluka m’malo otayirapo nyansi, m’ngalande ndi m’mitsinje, n’kumapita m’nyanja. Kafukufuku wina wa 2017 adapeza kuti pulasitiki idawononga mabeseni onse akulu am'nyanja, komanso kuti matani mamiliyoni anayi mpaka 12 miliyoni a zinyalala zapulasitiki adalowa m'madzi am'madzi mu 2010 mokha.

Mphete zapulasitiki zimadziwika kuti zimakola nyama za m'nyanja, nthawi zina zimakhala zokhazikika pamene zikukula, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadyetsedwa ndi nyama. Ngakhale kudula mphete zapulasitiki kudakhala njira yodziwika bwino yoletsa zolengedwa kuti zisamangidwe, zidabweretsanso zovuta kwamakampani omwe akuyesera kukonzanso, a Patrick Krieger, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa kukhazikika kwa Plastics Viwanda Association, adatero.
"Pamene udali mwana, adakuphunzitsa usanataye mphete ya paketi zisanu ndi imodzi yomwe umayenera kuidula m'tizidutswa tating'ono ting'ono kuti pakachitika chinthu choyipa chomwe sichinagwire bakha kapena kamba," Mr. Krieger anatero.

"Koma zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yaying'ono kwambiri moti imakhala yovuta kuikonza," adatero.

A Krieger adati makampani kwa zaka zambiri amakonda kuyika mapulasitiki a loop chifukwa ndi otchipa komanso opepuka.

"Inasunga zitini zonse za aluminiyamu pamodzi m'njira yokongola, yaudongo komanso yaudongo," adatero. "Tsopano tamvetsetsa kuti titha kuchita bwino ngati makampani komanso kuti makasitomala akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu."
Zolembazi zatsutsidwa ndi omenyera ufulu wawo chifukwa chowononga nyama zakuthengo komanso nkhawa zakuwononga chilengedwe. Mu 1994, boma la United States lidalamula kuti mphete za pulasitiki zokhala ndi paketi zisanu ndi chimodzi ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka. Koma pulasitiki inapitirizabe kukula ngati vuto la chilengedwe. Ndi matani opitilira mabiliyoni asanu ndi atatu apulasitiki opangidwa kuyambira m'ma 1950, 79 peresenti adawunjikana m'malo otayirako, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2017.

M'chilengezo chake, Coors Light idati idzasintha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe ndizokhazikika 100 peresenti, kutanthauza kuti zilibe pulasitiki, zobwezeretsedwanso komanso zogwiritsidwanso ntchito.

"Dziko lapansi likufunika thandizo lathu," kampaniyo idatero m'mawu ake. “Pulasitiki yogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi ikuipitsa chilengedwe. Madzi ndi ochepa, ndipo kutentha kwapadziko lonse kukukwera mofulumira kuposa kale lonse. Timachita mantha ndi zinthu zambiri, koma iyi si imodzi mwa izo. "

Mitundu ina ikusinthanso. Chaka chatha, Corona adayambitsa zoyikapo zopangidwa ndi udzu wotsalira wa balere ndi ulusi wamatabwa wobwezerezedwanso. Mu Januware, Grupo Modelo adalengeza za ndalama zokwana $ 4 miliyoni kuti zisinthe ma pulasitiki ovuta kukonzanso ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi fiber, malinga ndi AB InBev, yomwe imayang'anira mitundu yonse ya mowa.

Coca-Cola idapanga mabotolo amtundu wa 900 opangidwa pafupifupi pafupifupi mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi zomera, kupatula chipewa ndi chizindikirocho, ndipo PepsiCo yadzipereka kupanga mabotolo a Pepsi okhala ndi 100 peresenti yopangidwanso ndi pulasitiki m'misika isanu ndi inayi yaku Europe pakutha kwa chaka.

Poyambira m'misika yosankhidwa, makampani "atha kutenga njira zakomweko kuti apeze mayankho omwe atha kukhala ovuta," atero a Ezgi Barcenas, wamkulu wa AB InBev.

Koma "kukayikira kwina" kuli koyenera, Roland Geyer, pulofesa wa zamoyo zamakampani pa yunivesite ya California, Santa Barbara, adatero.
"Ndikuganiza kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa makampani omwe akungoyang'anira mbiri yawo ndi kufuna kuti awonedwe kuti akuchita chinachake, ndipo makampani akuchita chinachake chomwe chiri chatanthauzo," adatero Pulofesa Geyer. “Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuwasiyanitsa awiriwa.”

Elizabeth Sturcken, woyang'anira wamkulu wa Environmental Defense Fund, adanena kuti kulengeza kwa Coors Light ndi ena omwe amalimbana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa pulasitiki ndi "sitepe yaikulu panjira yoyenera," koma makampani ayenera kusintha machitidwe awo amalonda kuti athetse mavuto ena a chilengedwe monga mpweya.

"Pokhudzana ndi kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo, chowonadi chovuta ndichakuti kusintha kotere sikukwanira," adatero Ms. Sturcken. "Kuthana ndi ma micro osalankhula ndi macro sikuvomerezekanso."

Alexis Jackson, mfundo za m'nyanja ndi mapulasitiki omwe amatsogolera ku Nature Conservancy, adanena kuti "ndondomeko yokhumba komanso yokwanira" ndiyofunikira kuti pakhale tsogolo lokhazikika.

"Kudzipereka mwaufulu komanso kwapang'onopang'ono sikokwanira kusuntha singano pazomwe zingakhale zovuta kwambiri zachilengedwe za nthawi yathu," adatero.

Pankhani ya pulasitiki, akatswiri ena amati kungosinthira kuzinthu zina zopakirako sikungalepheretse zotayiramo nthaka kusefukira.
"Mukasintha kuchoka ku mphete ya pulasitiki kupita ku mphete ya pepala, kapena kupita kwina, chinthucho chingakhalebe ndi mwayi wokhala m'chilengedwe kapena kutenthedwa," a Joshua Baca, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wagawo la pulasitiki ku America. Chemistry Council, adatero.

Anati makampani akukakamizika kusintha mabizinesi awo. Ena akuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zobwezerezedwanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka.

Coca-Cola ikukonzekera kupanga zopangira zake kuti zigwiritsidwenso ntchito padziko lonse lapansi pofika 2025, malinga ndi Lipoti lake la Business & Environmental, Social and Governance Report, lofalitsidwa chaka chatha. PepsiCo ikukonzekeranso kupanga mapaketi obwezerezedwanso, opangidwa ndi compostable kapena biodegradable pofika chaka cha 2025, lipoti lake lokhazikika lati.

Mabungwe ena opangira mowa - monga Deep Ellum Brewing Company ku Texas ndi Greenpoint Beer & Ale Co. ku New York - amagwiritsa ntchito zogwirira ntchito zapulasitiki zolimba, zomwe zingakhale zosavuta kuzibwezeretsanso ngakhale kuti zimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki kuposa mphete.

A Baca adati izi zitha kukhala zopindulitsa ngati pulasitikiyo ndi yosavuta kukonzanso osati kutayidwa.

Kuti masinthidwe amitundu yokhazikika yoyikamo apangitse kusiyana, kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanja kuyenera kukhala kosavuta, malo obwezeretsanso asinthidwa, ndipo pulasitiki yocheperako iyenera kupangidwa, a Krieger adatero.

Ponena za kudzudzulidwa ndi magulu otsutsana ndi pulasitiki, iye anati: “Sitingathe kukonzanso njira yathu yothetsera vuto la kumwa mopitirira muyeso.”